Introduction: The recent novel findings have indicated that blood pressure (BP) does not change in response to training in the same direction in all hypertensive patients. Therefore, it is crucial to precisely predict the expected rate and direction of the changes in BP in response to physical exercise while cardiovascular experts prescribing exercise training for hypertensive patients in the early phases of the treatment process. Moreover, predicting the sever hypertension related problems after physical exercise deprivation could be instrumental for prevention of the catastrophic consequences in prone patients. Therefore, it seems the prediction of the future blood pressure response to exercise training and deprivation is warranted.
Methodology: 70 sedentary volunteer midlife men with mild hypertension randomized into experimental (Ex) and control groups. The Ex subjects participated in aerobic training (walking/running) program (24 sessions (3/wk) at 60 to 70% of MHR, 40 min per session) and there were two weeks of training cessation in the following. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and chi square goodness of Fit, Kappa, paired samples t and ANOVA foe repeated measurements and stepwise model regression tests. .
Results: 57.9% of experimental subjects experienced Good-Response (Decease of mean atrial pressure (MAP), 17.5% Bad Response (elevation of Map) and 24.6% No-Response (no change in MAP) to training respectively(X2=15.89, P=0.001). 15.8% of experimental subjects were also experienced Good Response, 66.7% Bad-Response and 17.7% No Response respectively (X2=28.52, P=0.001). All the Metabolic risk factors were significantly changed during both training and its cessation period, however; only in the Good Responders the changes of overall metabolic Z score was significant(p<0.05). The predictive equation for MAP response to training and also training cessation in experimental subjects was calculated as the following.
MAP change during training= (LDL×0.041)+((40-HDL)×0.133)+(BMI×0.45)+(Age×0.035)+(Map×-0.499)-26.78,R2:0.76, Estimation SE:2.30 MAP change during detraining= (Age×-0.049)+(Map-100)×-0.133) +3.71, R2: 0.26, Estimation SE: 2.51
Discussion: The responding pattern of BP following aerobic training is variable in between the subjects and all the metabolic risk factors are important in predicting the direction of MAP response to training. Additionally, although participation in aerobic exercise would not possibly lead to Bad-responding in those with high metabolic risk factors, because of a little body of available evidence it is expected that with determining the more precise equations in the future the more consistent guidelines could be developed for exercise prescription by the physicians.